Saturday, March 28, 2009
Thursday, March 26, 2009
CIT 174 – Blog 8 – Week 9
The "One Laptop Per Child" or OLPC idea began in 2004.
OLPC home page: http://laptop.org/en/
The ugly, slow computer, which looked like a pop-top VW Vanagon camper, was supposed to sell for $100. Many of the larger companies rejected the feasibility of the idea. But three and a half years later the vision produced the XO, a real laptop co-developed and manufactured by the world's largest notebook maker, Quanta. Whether or not this program is successful depends on your opinion of success. The computer currently sells for a $199 donation. There are approximately three quarters of a million laptops in the hands of deserving children. The president of the company hopes to double that sometime this year. It is said that imitation is the most sincere form of flattery, if that is the case; the company has been successful in stimulating a world wide interest in "low cost" laptops.
Source:
http://www.gizmodo.com.au/2008/08/secret_origin_of_the_olpc_genius_hubris_and_the_birth_of_the_netbook-2.html
Source:
http://www.cnn.com/2009/TECH/03/05/one.laptop.per.child/index.html?eref=rss_topstories
For a few years, from PC Magazine to Fox News, the OLPC and its competitors have been making news headlines. More than 25 low-cost notebooks based on Intel's upcoming Atom processor are in the works, including models from multinational PC vendors, according to the chip maker's top executive in Asia. There are lists of low cost laptops, there are reviews of low cost laptop companies, and there are companies vying for the global market. I think the vision has strayed from the non-profit ideas of Nicholas Negroponte, OLPC's founder. The OLPC project was designed to bring educational computing to children in the developing world. Although OLPC operated a Give One Get One scheme for two weeks at the end of 2007, the XO is not currently available for the general public to buy.
Source:
http://www.cio.com/article/194200/Atom_Based_Notebooks_to_Cost_Between_US_and_
Interesting Technical Details:
The picture above is how they depict the network the computer is on.
The XO is based on the AMD Geode LX700 processor, an embedded x86 device running at 433MHz, with 1GB of flash memory and 256MB of RAM. This supports a heavily customized version of Red Hat Fedora Core 6 Linux and a custom icon-based front end called Sugar, written in Python. A suite of educational applications including graphics, music making, word processing, simple programming concepts, chat and audio/video sharing is included; all of this is open source and defiantly kid-friendly.
The screen is the stand-out technology in the XO. An ingenious mix of reflective and transmissive LCD design, it is both high resolution and high density -- 1200 by 900 pixels at 200 dots per inch (dpi) in greyscale (reflective) mode, 800 by 600 pixels at 134dpi in colour (transmissive) mode. The latter activates when you turn the backlight on and mix primary colours behind the main LCD matrix.
Source:
http://www.zdnet.com.au/reviews/hardware/laptops/soa/OLPC-XO/0,2000065761,339286725,00.htm?omnRef=1337
To add insult to injury the co-designer of the original OLPC, who left the company, now has plans for its chief competitor. Her goal is for the Pixel Qi to be as technologically and aesthetically compelling as an iPod Touch. The $75 laptops now under development by what Jepsen calls a "spinout" of the One Laptop Per Child (OLPC) project won't be "Dells on a diet," and they will definitely run Linux. But the Pixel Qi is looking at Microsoft Windows and other operating systems, too.
Source:
http://www.betanews.com/article/Former-OLPC-CTO-75-laptop-will-run-Linux-and-maybe-Windows/1200087717
Last year ASUS marketed the Eee PC as a cost-effective but well built sub-notebook (or now known as a "netbook"). The original Eee PC 700 series had shipped with Intel Celeron hardware, a solid-state drive, and a Xandros-based Linux distribution. The newer models now use Intel Diamondville-based Atom CPUs. The cost of these is around $500, much more than the OLPC computers.
Source:
http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&item=asus_eee_901&num=2
Pictures from:
http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,309204,00.html
Wednesday, March 25, 2009
Instant Chat
Information about Pidgin:
http://pidgin.im/about/
The new update released this month:
http://planet.pidgin.im/
I Love Yum !!!!
http://yum.baseurl.org/
My Linux teacher responded to this post with:
"Real women use rpm and tar and make and config.........yum is too easy!"
I know, professor, but I still love YUM !!
:-)
Thursday, March 12, 2009
CIT 174
Week 7
Chapter 7 Review Questions
1.) Name three types of remote connectivity supported by Linux and explain why one is preferred over the other two. The three programs listed are Telnet, r-utilities, and SSH. SSH is the preferred way to connect because the transferred data is encrypted.
2.) One advantage of Telnet is that (c) it can be used on many different platforms, including Linux and Windows.
3.) Name three utilities that are part of the r-utilities suite and explain what each does. The first is rsh that allows you to execute a program, rcp that allows you to copy files, and rwho that lists the users that are logged on to the remote computer.
4.) The rcp program is able to copy files between (d) any two computers that are configure to use the r-utilities programs.
5.) Name the three types of authentication that SSH can use to connect to a remote system. Which is preferred as the most secure? SSH can use r-utilities, user passwords, or public key encrypting, the later is the preferred method.
6.) Which utility is used to prepare a set of keys needed to use public key encryption within SSH? (b) ssh-keygen.
7.) Why might you need to use the -l option with the ssh command? If you have a user account on the server this option only prompts you for your password.
8.) If you use the ssh command without first creating and storing a key pair on the remote host (a) you are prompted for a password to aid authentication.
9.) If you have installed and configured r-utilities, then including a host and user name in your .rhosts file allows a person using the rcp command on another host to (a) copy files to or from your home directory without entering a password.
10.) SSH is commonly used in place of Telnet because (a) SSH provides a secure communications channel that is much more immune to security attacks.
11.) When using Telnet you might refer to VT100 because it is (c) the most commonly used terminal emulation standard.
12.) Telnet is considered dangerous because (b) It transmits data--including passwords--without encrypting them, so anyone on the network can see them by using special software.
13.) When using the wget command, you should include the http:// designation to download a Web page so that (a) the program knows which protocol to use when accessing the server.
14.) Suppose you want to mirror a Web site to your local computer in order to study the information it contains. You intend to update the mirror once each month to view changes in the Web pages on the site. You are concerned that the Web site administrator will block access if he realizes you are mirroring the entire site instead of using a regular browser to access it. In order to reduce the chance that the wget program creates suspicion, you can (c) use the --random-wait option with wget.
15.) The rsync program is best suited for (a) synchronizing collections of files such as software development files.
16.) On a publicly available anonymous FTP server, the first level subdirectory that you should go to when locating files to download is virtually always (d) /pub.
17.) A graphical FTP client can be more convenient than a text-mode FTP client such as ncftp because (b) the graphical program lets you see lists of files locally and remotely and drag and drop multiple files between systems.
18.) The ncftp package includes a utility that is similar in functionality to wget. This utility is called (a) ncftpget.
19.) If an IP address is not assigned explicitly when networking is configured, one must be obtained automatically from a server on the network using (a) DHCP.
20.) The process of resolving a domain name (b) determines the IP address associated with that domain name by contacting a DNS server.
21.) ping is used to test networking connections by (a) trying to contact systems that are progressively further from your host to see if any networking problems occur.
22.) traceroute is a useful troubleshooting tool because (c) it reports each router that a packet passes through to a remote computer, along with the time needed to reach that router.
23.) If you cannot ping a host on your local network using that system's IP address, you probably wouldn't bother checking (a) whether you could ping a host on the Internet.
24.) Which of the following is not included in the output of the traceroute command? (d) The size of the test packet sent by traceroute.
25.) A DHCP server can provide what information to a host on the network in response to a DHCP client request? (b) an IP address, a network mask, a gateway address, a DNS server address, and a host name, among other things.
Chapter 7 Review Questions
1.) Name three types of remote connectivity supported by Linux and explain why one is preferred over the other two. The three programs listed are Telnet, r-utilities, and SSH. SSH is the preferred way to connect because the transferred data is encrypted.
2.) One advantage of Telnet is that (c) it can be used on many different platforms, including Linux and Windows.
3.) Name three utilities that are part of the r-utilities suite and explain what each does. The first is rsh that allows you to execute a program, rcp that allows you to copy files, and rwho that lists the users that are logged on to the remote computer.
4.) The rcp program is able to copy files between (d) any two computers that are configure to use the r-utilities programs.
5.) Name the three types of authentication that SSH can use to connect to a remote system. Which is preferred as the most secure? SSH can use r-utilities, user passwords, or public key encrypting, the later is the preferred method.
6.) Which utility is used to prepare a set of keys needed to use public key encryption within SSH? (b) ssh-keygen.
7.) Why might you need to use the -l option with the ssh command? If you have a user account on the server this option only prompts you for your password.
8.) If you use the ssh command without first creating and storing a key pair on the remote host (a) you are prompted for a password to aid authentication.
9.) If you have installed and configured r-utilities, then including a host and user name in your .rhosts file allows a person using the rcp command on another host to (a) copy files to or from your home directory without entering a password.
10.) SSH is commonly used in place of Telnet because (a) SSH provides a secure communications channel that is much more immune to security attacks.
11.) When using Telnet you might refer to VT100 because it is (c) the most commonly used terminal emulation standard.
12.) Telnet is considered dangerous because (b) It transmits data--including passwords--without encrypting them, so anyone on the network can see them by using special software.
13.) When using the wget command, you should include the http:// designation to download a Web page so that (a) the program knows which protocol to use when accessing the server.
14.) Suppose you want to mirror a Web site to your local computer in order to study the information it contains. You intend to update the mirror once each month to view changes in the Web pages on the site. You are concerned that the Web site administrator will block access if he realizes you are mirroring the entire site instead of using a regular browser to access it. In order to reduce the chance that the wget program creates suspicion, you can (c) use the --random-wait option with wget.
15.) The rsync program is best suited for (a) synchronizing collections of files such as software development files.
16.) On a publicly available anonymous FTP server, the first level subdirectory that you should go to when locating files to download is virtually always (d) /pub.
17.) A graphical FTP client can be more convenient than a text-mode FTP client such as ncftp because (b) the graphical program lets you see lists of files locally and remotely and drag and drop multiple files between systems.
18.) The ncftp package includes a utility that is similar in functionality to wget. This utility is called (a) ncftpget.
19.) If an IP address is not assigned explicitly when networking is configured, one must be obtained automatically from a server on the network using (a) DHCP.
20.) The process of resolving a domain name (b) determines the IP address associated with that domain name by contacting a DNS server.
21.) ping is used to test networking connections by (a) trying to contact systems that are progressively further from your host to see if any networking problems occur.
22.) traceroute is a useful troubleshooting tool because (c) it reports each router that a packet passes through to a remote computer, along with the time needed to reach that router.
23.) If you cannot ping a host on your local network using that system's IP address, you probably wouldn't bother checking (a) whether you could ping a host on the Internet.
24.) Which of the following is not included in the output of the traceroute command? (d) The size of the test packet sent by traceroute.
25.) A DHCP server can provide what information to a host on the network in response to a DHCP client request? (b) an IP address, a network mask, a gateway address, a DNS server address, and a host name, among other things.
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
CIT 174
Week 6
Chapter 6 Review Questions
1. The command ps –A xo comm displays the following information (d) all processes running on the system, including those with no controlling terminal, with the command-line field displayed for each one.
2. The (a) TIME field in the ps command output defines how much cumulative CPU time a process has used since it was started.
3. The CMDLINE files of the ps command output displays (b) the command line used to start the process shown on each line.
4. Which of the following commands is invalid if run by a regular user? (a) renice -10 1035.
5. Which of these programs does not allow you to change the nice level of a running process? (b) free.
6. To update the process data displayed by the top command, you press which key? (b) spacebar.
7. Dynamically linked applications are preferred for their better memory usage unless (c) the necessary libraries to run the application are not installed on the Linux system.
8. Thrashing occurs when (a) an excessive amount of information is moved to and from the swap partition in a short time.
9. The command “vmstat 4” does which of the following? (c) displays continuous updates of the virtual memory status on a new line every four seconds.
10. How can you switch between multiple virtual consoles in text and graphical
environments? By using the Ctrl+Alt+F2 key combination.F2 to F6 are available for virtual consoles. While the graphical interface (X) runs on F7.
11. Describe at least four fields of information provided by the command “ps auxf”. The PID is the process ID, the command field tells what command began the process, the %CPU tells how much time and memory are being used by the process, and the state of the process.
12. By starting multiple jobs form one shell, you can (c) manage those jobs with the jobs, bg and fg commands.
13. Briefly explain the difference in time specification formats for the “at” and “crontab” commands. The “at” command allows you do execute a command in the future. The “crontab” command allows you to execute commands repeatedly in the future at regular intervals.
14. The background processes that manage commands submitted using at and cron are (c) atd and crond.
15. When using the at command interactively to enter commands scheduled for future execution, you indicate that you have finished entering commands by pressing (a) Clrt+d.
16. The batch command is used to schedule jobs so that (c) the system will not be overloaded with scheduled tasks.
17. A simple method for root to schedule recurring systems administrations tasks is to (b) add a script to a directory shuch as /etc/cron.daily or /etc/cron.weekly.
18. The output of a “cron” job is normally sent via email to the user who submitted the “cron” job or to the user defined by the MAILTO variable within the file containing the “cron” job.
19. Name, in order form left to right, the fields of the “crontab” time specifications, giving the range of valid numeric values for each one. Minute of the hour (0-59), Hour of the day (0-23), Day of the month (0-32), Month of the year (0-12), Day of the week (0-7).
20. Output from a command executed as part of a new “cron” job cannot be redirected to a file using standard redirection operators because the environment in which the “cron” job was created is likely to exist when the job is executed. False.
21. The /etc/cron.deny file can include a user name in order to deny that user access to the “crontab” command.
22. Name the two separate commands that can be used instead of at –l and at –d. The alternate commands for list are atq (or at –l)and for delete atrm (or at –d).
23. All processes in Linux, except the init process (PID1) are created (b) when another process forks.
24. A zombie process is one that (d) is no longer in existence, though the Linux kernel still maintains information as if it were.
25. Describe why you should try SIGTERM before using SIGKILL. SIGTERM is better because the process shuts down and saves the work in progress. Unlike SIGKILL which simply pulls the plug on the process.
Chapter 6 Review Questions
1. The command ps –A xo comm displays the following information (d) all processes running on the system, including those with no controlling terminal, with the command-line field displayed for each one.
2. The (a) TIME field in the ps command output defines how much cumulative CPU time a process has used since it was started.
3. The CMDLINE files of the ps command output displays (b) the command line used to start the process shown on each line.
4. Which of the following commands is invalid if run by a regular user? (a) renice -10 1035.
5. Which of these programs does not allow you to change the nice level of a running process? (b) free.
6. To update the process data displayed by the top command, you press which key? (b) spacebar.
7. Dynamically linked applications are preferred for their better memory usage unless (c) the necessary libraries to run the application are not installed on the Linux system.
8. Thrashing occurs when (a) an excessive amount of information is moved to and from the swap partition in a short time.
9. The command “vmstat 4” does which of the following? (c) displays continuous updates of the virtual memory status on a new line every four seconds.
10. How can you switch between multiple virtual consoles in text and graphical
environments? By using the Ctrl+Alt+F2 key combination.F2 to F6 are available for virtual consoles. While the graphical interface (X) runs on F7.
11. Describe at least four fields of information provided by the command “ps auxf”. The PID is the process ID, the command field tells what command began the process, the %CPU tells how much time and memory are being used by the process, and the state of the process.
12. By starting multiple jobs form one shell, you can (c) manage those jobs with the jobs, bg and fg commands.
13. Briefly explain the difference in time specification formats for the “at” and “crontab” commands. The “at” command allows you do execute a command in the future. The “crontab” command allows you to execute commands repeatedly in the future at regular intervals.
14. The background processes that manage commands submitted using at and cron are (c) atd and crond.
15. When using the at command interactively to enter commands scheduled for future execution, you indicate that you have finished entering commands by pressing (a) Clrt+d.
16. The batch command is used to schedule jobs so that (c) the system will not be overloaded with scheduled tasks.
17. A simple method for root to schedule recurring systems administrations tasks is to (b) add a script to a directory shuch as /etc/cron.daily or /etc/cron.weekly.
18. The output of a “cron” job is normally sent via email to the user who submitted the “cron” job or to the user defined by the MAILTO variable within the file containing the “cron” job.
19. Name, in order form left to right, the fields of the “crontab” time specifications, giving the range of valid numeric values for each one. Minute of the hour (0-59), Hour of the day (0-23), Day of the month (0-32), Month of the year (0-12), Day of the week (0-7).
20. Output from a command executed as part of a new “cron” job cannot be redirected to a file using standard redirection operators because the environment in which the “cron” job was created is likely to exist when the job is executed. False.
21. The /etc/cron.deny file can include a user name in order to deny that user access to the “crontab” command.
22. Name the two separate commands that can be used instead of at –l and at –d. The alternate commands for list are atq (or at –l)and for delete atrm (or at –d).
23. All processes in Linux, except the init process (PID1) are created (b) when another process forks.
24. A zombie process is one that (d) is no longer in existence, though the Linux kernel still maintains information as if it were.
25. Describe why you should try SIGTERM before using SIGKILL. SIGTERM is better because the process shuts down and saves the work in progress. Unlike SIGKILL which simply pulls the plug on the process.
Linux News
The freelance marketplace Odesk recently found that
Linux related jobs surged from 128 in 2006
to 2014 jobs listed in its service in 2009.
http://events.linuxfoundation.org/training
Linux related jobs surged from 128 in 2006
to 2014 jobs listed in its service in 2009.
http://events.linuxfoundation.org/training
Friday, February 27, 2009
CIT 174
Week 5
Chapter 5 Review Questions
1. A regular expression is used to (c) define a potentially complex pattern of characters or digits.
2. The regular expression [cC]hapter0[12345]* does not match which of the following files? (c) Chapter1.doc .
3. Which of the following regular expressions matches the text "Reunion-2004"? (c) [Rr]eunion[0-9]{4}.
4. The grep command is not useful for which of the following? (b) determining which directories are currently in use.
5. Searching documents created by word-processing programs is not an appropriate use of the grep command because (d) word-processing documents contain non-readable codes (non-text information).
6. If you execute a grep command without providing the name of one or more files to search, you should (a) provide input using a pipe from another utility.
7. You need to track the output of a text file in real time as lines are added to that file by another program. Which command would you use? (b) tail -f.
8. Several commands are available in Linux that let you compare two or more files to determine how they differ. One of these programs in particular is widely used by programmers and system administrations and is a tool commonly used for assisting with modified source code on Linux systems. It is called (a) diff. (“cmp”-are files identical and “comm.”-are sorted files the same)
9. Which of the following features is not supported by default in ispell? (/) ispell supports all theses options and I don’t see one of these answers in the book.
10. The wc command displays (a) the number of lines, words, and characters in a file.
11. Name five programs that can be used to filter text files in Linux. (command line programs)
a. sort
b. uniq
c. sed
d. awk
e. vi, pico, or emacs.
12. The command ls | sort causes which of the following to occur (a) the output of the ls command is sent to the sort command and the results are printed to the screen.
13. When you run a program called gather_data, it normally reads text as a user enters it at the keyboard. If you use the command gather_data < input_text to run the program, which of the following occurs? (b) the input that the gather_data program normally reads form the keyboard is taken form the input_text file instead.
14. Which independent Linux command replaces tabs in a text file with a fixed number of spaces? (c) expand.
15. The name of a script file can be provided to sed or awk on the command line using which command-line option? (a) file
16. Using a ! (bang) along with a standard write command in vi causes the editor to (a) attempt to write the file despite a file permission that does not by itself permit writing the file, thought this can only be done if the person editing the file is the owner of that file OR is working as root.
17. Which of the following creates a mark at the current line within vi so that you can quickly jump to that line in the file? (b) ‘a.
18. The vi editor checks for an environment variable and for a hidden initialization file in the directory in which a file being edited is stored. These are called, respectively (b) EXINIT, .exrc.
19.Describe the meaning of 1, $ as a range operator at the beginning of a search and replace command within vi. The range 1, $ means from the first line to the last line of the file.
20. Describe the difference between the following four search commands in vi:
/ --looks for a pattern from the current position FORWARD.
? – looks for a pattern from the current position BACKWARD.
N – jumps to the NEXT occurrence of the most recent search pattern ( / or ? )
N jumps to the PREVIOUS occurrence of the most recent search pattern ( / or ? )
Chapter 5 Review Questions
1. A regular expression is used to (c) define a potentially complex pattern of characters or digits.
2. The regular expression [cC]hapter0[12345]* does not match which of the following files? (c) Chapter1.doc .
3. Which of the following regular expressions matches the text "Reunion-2004"? (c) [Rr]eunion[0-9]{4}.
4. The grep command is not useful for which of the following? (b) determining which directories are currently in use.
5. Searching documents created by word-processing programs is not an appropriate use of the grep command because (d) word-processing documents contain non-readable codes (non-text information).
6. If you execute a grep command without providing the name of one or more files to search, you should (a) provide input using a pipe from another utility.
7. You need to track the output of a text file in real time as lines are added to that file by another program. Which command would you use? (b) tail -f.
8. Several commands are available in Linux that let you compare two or more files to determine how they differ. One of these programs in particular is widely used by programmers and system administrations and is a tool commonly used for assisting with modified source code on Linux systems. It is called (a) diff. (“cmp”-are files identical and “comm.”-are sorted files the same)
9. Which of the following features is not supported by default in ispell? (/) ispell supports all theses options and I don’t see one of these answers in the book.
10. The wc command displays (a) the number of lines, words, and characters in a file.
11. Name five programs that can be used to filter text files in Linux. (command line programs)
a. sort
b. uniq
c. sed
d. awk
e. vi, pico, or emacs.
12. The command ls | sort causes which of the following to occur (a) the output of the ls command is sent to the sort command and the results are printed to the screen.
13. When you run a program called gather_data, it normally reads text as a user enters it at the keyboard. If you use the command gather_data < input_text to run the program, which of the following occurs? (b) the input that the gather_data program normally reads form the keyboard is taken form the input_text file instead.
14. Which independent Linux command replaces tabs in a text file with a fixed number of spaces? (c) expand.
15. The name of a script file can be provided to sed or awk on the command line using which command-line option? (a) file
16. Using a ! (bang) along with a standard write command in vi causes the editor to (a) attempt to write the file despite a file permission that does not by itself permit writing the file, thought this can only be done if the person editing the file is the owner of that file OR is working as root.
17. Which of the following creates a mark at the current line within vi so that you can quickly jump to that line in the file? (b) ‘a.
18. The vi editor checks for an environment variable and for a hidden initialization file in the directory in which a file being edited is stored. These are called, respectively (b) EXINIT, .exrc.
19.Describe the meaning of 1, $ as a range operator at the beginning of a search and replace command within vi. The range 1, $ means from the first line to the last line of the file.
20. Describe the difference between the following four search commands in vi:
/ --looks for a pattern from the current position FORWARD.
? – looks for a pattern from the current position BACKWARD.
N – jumps to the NEXT occurrence of the most recent search pattern ( / or ? )
N jumps to the PREVIOUS occurrence of the most recent search pattern ( / or ? )
Saturday, February 21, 2009
CIT 174
Week 4
Chapter 4 Review Questions
1. Describe the effect of including a hyphen when executing the su command. Using a hyphen after su allows you to assume the rights of another user.
2. A user’s primary group can be a User Private Group. True or False? Explain. True, for security reasons every new user has a private group with only one user. This is to prevent another user from accidently accessing someone else’s files.
3. The /etc/passwd file does not contain which of the following fields? (b) the file privileges for the user.
4. Explain the meaning of this line in the /etc/group file: “webmasters:x:710:rthomas,cyang”. Webmasters is the name of the group, x means the password is stored somewhere else, 710 is the group id (GID), and the two names are the members of the group.
5. To create or change a password on any user account, the following is used (c) the passwd command.
6. What does the fourth field in /etc/passwd contain? The group id or (GID) of the primary group for the user.
7. Why should you not use a standard text editor to add users to /etc/passwd? Because two people could be working on the file at the same time. In addition, a small typing error could make user accounts inaccessible.
8. If you enter a new password for a user that can be easily guessed, the message BAD PASSWORD appears and the password is (b) updated unless you are root. (I don’t like any of the choices!)
9. A mounted file system is one that (c) allows any user to run programs located on it.
10. The Shadow Password Suite enhances Linux security by (b) hiding encrypted passwords in a file that only root can read.
11. The df utility provides information about which one of the following (c) file system capacity, device name, and percentage used status.
12. If you attempt to unmount a mounted file system and receive an error message the most likely cause is (d) one or more users are working in a directory of the file system.
13. Describe the difference between an alias and a symbolic link. An alias causes the shell to substitute a different string than the one the user entered. Whereas a symbolic link causes the system to request a file from another place in the file structure.
14. Which command is used to create symbolic link? (b) ln.
15. The command chmod 744 report.doc grants (a) the user (the file’s owner) execute permission to the report.doc file.
16. The owner and group assigned to a file are shown by which of the following commands? (a) chown.
17. Execute permission on a file is required to(a) start that file as a program.
18. The tar command creates archive files that are most often compressed by the (d) gzip command.
19. The tar utility differs from the cpio utility in that (a) cpio always reads and writes to STDIN and STDOUT and tar uses command-line parameters.
20. Describe why the find command is often used with tar or cpio for backups. Because find can create a list of all the files that have been modified in the last day, which makes it easier to know what files to archive.
21. The (b) x option causes the tar command to extract the files from an archive file or device.
22. Describe how the newgrp command relates to the second field of each record in the /etc/group file. This is a rarely used command that allows a person who knows the group’s password to temporarily assume the group’s rights.
23. The output of the id command includes (a) the effective UID, the effective GID, and a list of groups of which the effective UID user is a member.
24. If the far left column in the output of the ls –l command shows the character “s” you would know that the object on that line was a (d) socket.
25. Which utility typically provides the highest compression ratio (makes the smallest compressed file from a given data file)? (b) bzip2.
Chapter 4 Review Questions
1. Describe the effect of including a hyphen when executing the su command. Using a hyphen after su allows you to assume the rights of another user.
2. A user’s primary group can be a User Private Group. True or False? Explain. True, for security reasons every new user has a private group with only one user. This is to prevent another user from accidently accessing someone else’s files.
3. The /etc/passwd file does not contain which of the following fields? (b) the file privileges for the user.
4. Explain the meaning of this line in the /etc/group file: “webmasters:x:710:rthomas,cyang”. Webmasters is the name of the group, x means the password is stored somewhere else, 710 is the group id (GID), and the two names are the members of the group.
5. To create or change a password on any user account, the following is used (c) the passwd command.
6. What does the fourth field in /etc/passwd contain? The group id or (GID) of the primary group for the user.
7. Why should you not use a standard text editor to add users to /etc/passwd? Because two people could be working on the file at the same time. In addition, a small typing error could make user accounts inaccessible.
8. If you enter a new password for a user that can be easily guessed, the message BAD PASSWORD appears and the password is (b) updated unless you are root. (I don’t like any of the choices!)
9. A mounted file system is one that (c) allows any user to run programs located on it.
10. The Shadow Password Suite enhances Linux security by (b) hiding encrypted passwords in a file that only root can read.
11. The df utility provides information about which one of the following (c) file system capacity, device name, and percentage used status.
12. If you attempt to unmount a mounted file system and receive an error message the most likely cause is (d) one or more users are working in a directory of the file system.
13. Describe the difference between an alias and a symbolic link. An alias causes the shell to substitute a different string than the one the user entered. Whereas a symbolic link causes the system to request a file from another place in the file structure.
14. Which command is used to create symbolic link? (b) ln.
15. The command chmod 744 report.doc grants (a) the user (the file’s owner) execute permission to the report.doc file.
16. The owner and group assigned to a file are shown by which of the following commands? (a) chown.
17. Execute permission on a file is required to(a) start that file as a program.
18. The tar command creates archive files that are most often compressed by the (d) gzip command.
19. The tar utility differs from the cpio utility in that (a) cpio always reads and writes to STDIN and STDOUT and tar uses command-line parameters.
20. Describe why the find command is often used with tar or cpio for backups. Because find can create a list of all the files that have been modified in the last day, which makes it easier to know what files to archive.
21. The (b) x option causes the tar command to extract the files from an archive file or device.
22. Describe how the newgrp command relates to the second field of each record in the /etc/group file. This is a rarely used command that allows a person who knows the group’s password to temporarily assume the group’s rights.
23. The output of the id command includes (a) the effective UID, the effective GID, and a list of groups of which the effective UID user is a member.
24. If the far left column in the output of the ls –l command shows the character “s” you would know that the object on that line was a (d) socket.
25. Which utility typically provides the highest compression ratio (makes the smallest compressed file from a given data file)? (b) bzip2.
Tuesday, February 17, 2009
Saturday, February 14, 2009
CIT 174
Week 3
Chapter 3 Review Questions
1. The default shell used by Linux is (b) The Bourne Again Shell (bash).
2. When logged in as root, the shell prompt normally changes to display (b) #.
3. The main function of a shell is to (d) start programs.
4. Name four different shells and briefly describe the differences between them.
a. Sh is the original UNIX shell.
b. Bash an enhanced version of the Bourne shell. It has history and tab completion.
c. Csh, or c shell, is a newer shell with easy to use interactive features. But it has a more complex syntax than Bourne shells. It is based on the c programming language.
d. Tcsh is the tenex/tops c shell. It is an enhancement of the c shell and is commonly used on Linux systems.
e. Ksh is the Korn shell and it is a combination of the Bourne shell and the interactive features of the c shell.
5. Tab completion is useful when you need to (c) enter long file names or directory names at the shell prompt.
6. The history command is used to (a) display a list of previously entered commands.
7. Entering the command !fr would do the following in the bash shell (b) re-execute the most currently executed command that began for "fr".
8. To have a command executed each time any user logs in to the Linux system, you place the command in which one of these files? (a) /etc/profile.
9. If a directory contains the file names micron and microscope, and you enter micro and press Tab once, what happens? (a) The shell prints all matching names, micron and microscope.
10. Which of the following is a correctly formed alias for executing the mv command? (d) alias ren=”mv –I”.
11. The command echo $HOME displays (c) the value of the HOME environment variable.
12. Describe the contents of the PATH environment variable. It is a list of the directories that the shell looks in when it is asked to execute a command.
13. When the export command is used, an environment variable (a) is available to other programs running in the same shell where export was executed.
14. Name at least three non-graphical text editors that may be included with a Linux distribution. Vi, pico, and emacs.
15. Knowledge of the vi editor is considered an essential skill because (b) the vi editor is virtually always available to complete system administrations tasks.
16. Suppose you entered the command vi my_file and then press the following keys: itestyyp:wq. Describe the result. Vi creates “my_file”, “i” starts insert mode, test is typed, yyp copies test, then :wq writes and closes the file.
17. When you run a program called gather_data, it normally reads lines entered at the keyboard. If you use the command gather_data < input_text to run the program, which of the following occurs? (b) The input that the gather_data program would normally read from the keyboard is taken from the input_text file instead.
18. A pipe is a method of connecting (b) the output channel of one program with the input channel of another program.
19. The command ls | sort causes which of the following to occur? (a) the output of the ls command is sent to the sort command. The results are printed to the screen.
20. Using the lpoptions command, you can (b) associate a set of lpr printing options with a name (called an instance) so that those options can be used more conveniently in the future.
21. Which of these commands displays the current value of the USER environment variable? (a) echo "You are currently logged in as $USER."
22. How is the following text executed on a command line "echo 'This script has detected an error; please check your data.'; date; "Thank you." (a) as two commands, followed by an error message.
23. How is the following text executed on a command line "echo “This script has detected an error\; please check your data.”; date; "Thank you." (a) as two commands, followed by an error message.
24. How is the following text executed on a command line echo This script has detected an error. Please check your data.$’\n’ ‘date’$’ ‘\n’ Thank you. (c) as three lines of text.
25. Does the following text generate a shell error? Does it print the current date? echo 'This script has detected an error. Please check your data.$’\n’’date’$’\n’Thank you.’ (c) It does not cause an error, nor does it print the date.
Chapter 3 Review Questions
1. The default shell used by Linux is (b) The Bourne Again Shell (bash).
2. When logged in as root, the shell prompt normally changes to display (b) #.
3. The main function of a shell is to (d) start programs.
4. Name four different shells and briefly describe the differences between them.
a. Sh is the original UNIX shell.
b. Bash an enhanced version of the Bourne shell. It has history and tab completion.
c. Csh, or c shell, is a newer shell with easy to use interactive features. But it has a more complex syntax than Bourne shells. It is based on the c programming language.
d. Tcsh is the tenex/tops c shell. It is an enhancement of the c shell and is commonly used on Linux systems.
e. Ksh is the Korn shell and it is a combination of the Bourne shell and the interactive features of the c shell.
5. Tab completion is useful when you need to (c) enter long file names or directory names at the shell prompt.
6. The history command is used to (a) display a list of previously entered commands.
7. Entering the command !fr would do the following in the bash shell (b) re-execute the most currently executed command that began for "fr".
8. To have a command executed each time any user logs in to the Linux system, you place the command in which one of these files? (a) /etc/profile.
9. If a directory contains the file names micron and microscope, and you enter micro and press Tab once, what happens? (a) The shell prints all matching names, micron and microscope.
10. Which of the following is a correctly formed alias for executing the mv command? (d) alias ren=”mv –I”.
11. The command echo $HOME displays (c) the value of the HOME environment variable.
12. Describe the contents of the PATH environment variable. It is a list of the directories that the shell looks in when it is asked to execute a command.
13. When the export command is used, an environment variable (a) is available to other programs running in the same shell where export was executed.
14. Name at least three non-graphical text editors that may be included with a Linux distribution. Vi, pico, and emacs.
15. Knowledge of the vi editor is considered an essential skill because (b) the vi editor is virtually always available to complete system administrations tasks.
16. Suppose you entered the command vi my_file and then press the following keys: itest
17. When you run a program called gather_data, it normally reads lines entered at the keyboard. If you use the command gather_data < input_text to run the program, which of the following occurs? (b) The input that the gather_data program would normally read from the keyboard is taken from the input_text file instead.
18. A pipe is a method of connecting (b) the output channel of one program with the input channel of another program.
19. The command ls | sort causes which of the following to occur? (a) the output of the ls command is sent to the sort command. The results are printed to the screen.
20. Using the lpoptions command, you can (b) associate a set of lpr printing options with a name (called an instance) so that those options can be used more conveniently in the future.
21. Which of these commands displays the current value of the USER environment variable? (a) echo "You are currently logged in as $USER."
22. How is the following text executed on a command line "echo 'This script has detected an error; please check your data.'; date; "Thank you." (a) as two commands, followed by an error message.
23. How is the following text executed on a command line "echo “This script has detected an error\; please check your data.”; date; "Thank you." (a) as two commands, followed by an error message.
24. How is the following text executed on a command line echo This script has detected an error. Please check your data.$’\n’ ‘date’$’ ‘\n’ Thank you. (c) as three lines of text.
25. Does the following text generate a shell error? Does it print the current date? echo 'This script has detected an error. Please check your data.$’\n’’date’$’\n’Thank you.’ (c) It does not cause an error, nor does it print the date.
Linux Shell (repost)
What is a shell and what does it do?
Research the internet for different shells and give a brief description of two that we have not worked with yet.
The shell is a program which takes your commands that you type on the keyboard and gives them to the operating system to execute. The shell interprets your commands (keystrokes) and runs the utilities or programs that you requested. The most common Linux shells are bash, sh, csh, and ksh. Linux is a multitasking operating system, so more than one shell can be running at a time. Each shell keeps its work isolated from the other shells that are running.
It appears that anyone with the knowledge can write a new shell. There are some compatibility issues to contend with. The main one seems to be POSIX which statnds for "Portable Operating System Interface". This is the open operating interface standard accepted world-wide. It is produced by IEEE and recognized by ISO and ANSI. POSIX support assures code portability between systems and is increasingly mandated for commercial applications and government contracts. ISO is the International Organization for Standardization and ANSI is the American National Standards Institute.
Two of the most interesting shells that we have not used yet are "resh" and "sash". The resh shell is a restricted version of the sh shell and is equivalent to sh -r. This allows users to copy files without having access to a shell on the server. There are many security risks when users are allowed access to another system, this is an attempt to secure ftp servers. The sash is a stand alone shell that was designed for recovering from a system failure. It is designed to be simple and robust, for people who need to do emergency repair work on a system.
Want another shell? (repost)
My textbook wanted us to experiment with different shells.
I went to http://www.tcsh.org/MostRecentRelease
downloaded the most resent version of tcsh and
typed "yum install tcsh" in my terminal
and it did it all by itself.
It took me a while to research all the
different ways to install a second shell.
This one is short and sweet!!
I went to http://www.tcsh.org/MostRecentRelease
downloaded the most resent version of tcsh and
typed "yum install tcsh" in my terminal
and it did it all by itself.
It took me a while to research all the
different ways to install a second shell.
This one is short and sweet!!
Shells for UNIX/Linux (repost)
If chart is too small, try clicking on it,
it should open into it's own window.
There you can adjust the size of the jpg.
Thanks!
Sunday, February 8, 2009
Open Source Window Aps
http://www.opensourcewindows.org/
I use several of these and they work GREAT!
7zip is my favorite unzipper!
I only use Pidgin and Meebo for my Instant Messaging.
And of course FireFox rocks!!
I use several of these and they work GREAT!
7zip is my favorite unzipper!
I only use Pidgin and Meebo for my Instant Messaging.
And of course FireFox rocks!!
Wednesday, February 4, 2009
CIT 174
Week 2
Chapter 2 Review Questions
1. The historical beginnings of the X Window System originated with .a. Project Athena.
2. Why might a person choose to purchase a commercial X server instead of using XFree86, which comes free with each copy of Linux? If they liked the functions, speed, ease of use, or the look of a commercial product.
3. Describe the function of an X server within the X Window System. It communicates with the video care, keyboard, and mouse to create a graphical environment. It also interacts with applications to control the screen display.
4. An .b. X client is another name for any graphical application running in the X Windows System.
5. Name four windows managers that can be used with the X Window System on Linux. The book mentions twm, fvwm, mwn, and olwm.
6. A window manager is best described as .a. a special purpose X client that provides core graphical functionality for other X clients.
7. Name the two graphical libraries used by the two major desktop environments of Linux. The Qt and the GTK+ libraries.
8. A graphical library is best described as .b. a collection of functions that any graphical program can use to create a common look and feel. (I was unhappy with ALL the choices in the book. GTK+ libraries are described here: http://library.gnome.org/devel/gtk/unstable/gtk.html)
9. Choosing not to run X .b. can cause configuration problems on server-based systems. (this is another question I was unhappy with all the answer choices—you can choose to use only a text interface and start X when needed. And you have to use X to set up your video card.)
10. The .b. startx command is normally used to start the X Window system if you are not using a graphical login.
11. To minimize an active window in a GNOME desktop using default settings you could either .a. press Alt+F9 or select minimize from the window control menu.
12. Describe the purpose of clicking and dragging to highlight text in one graphical window and selecting another window and clicking both mouse buttons at the same time. This procedure is to copy and paste in X even if the application does not have the capability.
13. The Workspace Switcher in GNOME lets you .d. move between four desktop backgrounds, each of which can have different windows on it.
14. To enable the feature that saves your desktop setup each time you log out of GNOME, you would explore which item on the Preferences menu? .c. Sessions.
15. Describe the default action of the Alt+Tab and the Alt+F1 key combinations in GNOME. Alt+Tab rotates focus between open windows and Alt+F1 displays the main menu.
16. The Desktop Switcher utility lets you .a. switch your desktop between GNOME and KDE.
17. Selecting a desktop theme lets you control .a. the look and feel of most aspects of your desktop interface.
18. Define an emblem as used in the Nautilus file manager. Emblems are little graphic symbols you can add to a folder as part of your file manager.
19. When you select a text editor in the Preferred Application window of GNOME .c. you select the text editor that GNOME or Nautilus starts whenever you want to view a text file.
20. OpenOffice.org consists of the following .d. a word processor, a spreadsheet, a drawing program, presentation software, and database tools. (Writer, Calc, Impress, Draw and Base)
21. For which platform is OpenOffice.org available? As of 2009 Open Office supports Mac, Windows, and UINX/Linux.
22. Evolution is .a. a program that includes e-mail, calendar, task list, and contact management features similar to Microsoft Outlook.
23. When setting up a POP e-mail account, Evolution and Mozilla differ in that .c. one lets you enter passwords as part of the setup procedure, the other does not, but prompts you for passwords as needed.
24. List four features that Evolution provides via its Summary window or the standard icons on the left side of the Summary window. Summary, Inbox, Calendar, Tasks, and Contacts.
25. Within Nautilus file manager, the side pane is used to .b . display basic information about an object that has been selected in the left part of the window, including, for example, a thumbnail image of a graphic file, if so configured in the Preview tab of the File Management Preferences window.
Chapter 2 Review Questions
1. The historical beginnings of the X Window System originated with .a. Project Athena.
2. Why might a person choose to purchase a commercial X server instead of using XFree86, which comes free with each copy of Linux? If they liked the functions, speed, ease of use, or the look of a commercial product.
3. Describe the function of an X server within the X Window System. It communicates with the video care, keyboard, and mouse to create a graphical environment. It also interacts with applications to control the screen display.
4. An .b. X client is another name for any graphical application running in the X Windows System.
5. Name four windows managers that can be used with the X Window System on Linux. The book mentions twm, fvwm, mwn, and olwm.
6. A window manager is best described as .a. a special purpose X client that provides core graphical functionality for other X clients.
7. Name the two graphical libraries used by the two major desktop environments of Linux. The Qt and the GTK+ libraries.
8. A graphical library is best described as .b. a collection of functions that any graphical program can use to create a common look and feel. (I was unhappy with ALL the choices in the book. GTK+ libraries are described here: http://library.gnome.org/devel/gtk/unstable/gtk.html)
9. Choosing not to run X .b. can cause configuration problems on server-based systems. (this is another question I was unhappy with all the answer choices—you can choose to use only a text interface and start X when needed. And you have to use X to set up your video card.)
10. The .b. startx command is normally used to start the X Window system if you are not using a graphical login.
11. To minimize an active window in a GNOME desktop using default settings you could either .a. press Alt+F9 or select minimize from the window control menu.
12. Describe the purpose of clicking and dragging to highlight text in one graphical window and selecting another window and clicking both mouse buttons at the same time. This procedure is to copy and paste in X even if the application does not have the capability.
13. The Workspace Switcher in GNOME lets you .d. move between four desktop backgrounds, each of which can have different windows on it.
14. To enable the feature that saves your desktop setup each time you log out of GNOME, you would explore which item on the Preferences menu? .c. Sessions.
15. Describe the default action of the Alt+Tab and the Alt+F1 key combinations in GNOME. Alt+Tab rotates focus between open windows and Alt+F1 displays the main menu.
16. The Desktop Switcher utility lets you .a. switch your desktop between GNOME and KDE.
17. Selecting a desktop theme lets you control .a. the look and feel of most aspects of your desktop interface.
18. Define an emblem as used in the Nautilus file manager. Emblems are little graphic symbols you can add to a folder as part of your file manager.
19. When you select a text editor in the Preferred Application window of GNOME .c. you select the text editor that GNOME or Nautilus starts whenever you want to view a text file.
20. OpenOffice.org consists of the following .d. a word processor, a spreadsheet, a drawing program, presentation software, and database tools. (Writer, Calc, Impress, Draw and Base)
21. For which platform is OpenOffice.org available? As of 2009 Open Office supports Mac, Windows, and UINX/Linux.
22. Evolution is .a. a program that includes e-mail, calendar, task list, and contact management features similar to Microsoft Outlook.
23. When setting up a POP e-mail account, Evolution and Mozilla differ in that .c. one lets you enter passwords as part of the setup procedure, the other does not, but prompts you for passwords as needed.
24. List four features that Evolution provides via its Summary window or the standard icons on the left side of the Summary window. Summary, Inbox, Calendar, Tasks, and Contacts.
25. Within Nautilus file manager, the side pane is used to .b . display basic information about an object that has been selected in the left part of the window, including, for example, a thumbnail image of a graphic file, if so configured in the Preview tab of the File Management Preferences window.
CIT 174
Week Two
Chapter 1 Review Questions
1. An operating system does not provide .d. word-processing features for users.
2. Four possible Linux career paths are software development, business consultant, network administrator, and teaching or training.
3. Linus Torvalda began to create Linux because .b. he wanted a powerful operating system but could not afford one.
4. The Free software Foundation is dedicated to the idea that .b. the real value of software is in customization, not in selling mass-produced copies.
5. The GNU Project is important to Linux because .a. it provides the majority of the system utilities used by Linux.
6. The GPL includes all of the following facets except: .c. software that runs on a GPL operating system must be given away.
7. In general usage, the name “open source software” refers to .c. software that has source code included and follows a set of general principles espoused by the OpenSource consortium. (I am not real sure this is the correct answer)
8. In the Linux kernel version 2.6.10 the second digit, 6, indicates .b. a minor kernel release number for a stable kernel.
9. Version numbers for Linux distributions don’t track Linux kernel version numbers because .a. distributions include many components, so the vendor assigns a version number to the collection of software as a whole.
10. HOWTO documents discuss a variety of specific subjects. They are written for .c. anyone new to the subject being discussed.
11. The .a. / directory is the beginning of the Linux directory structure—the top of the inverted tree.
12. The pwd command is used to .c. display the current working directory on the screen.
13. The command Ls –l in invalid because .b. Linux commands are case sensitive.
14. Which task is not likely to be assigned to you as a system administrator? .a. Develop a new cash register system using C programming.
15. Linux file names can include .d. letters, digits, punctuation, and many special characters (but no spaces)
16. The rm command is used in Linux to .b. delete files from a hard disk. (use caution)
17. A trash can facility on a Linux graphical desktop differs from the rm command in that .a. files placed in the trash can are not deleted until the trash can is empties, but files deleted by rm are deleted immediately.
18. Each answer contains several paths separated by semicolons. Which answer contains only absolute paths? .c. /var/named; /etc/samba; /home/abutler.
19. Within the Nautilus file manager, you can view the properties of a selected file or directory by .d. right-clicking the file or directory and selecting the Properties item for the context menu.
20. Within the Nautilux file manager, pressing Shift+Ctrl+N is analogous to which command? .a. mkdir
21. Which of the following commands is most likely to produce the following output on the screen? /home/abutler. .c. pwd
22. You see in the output of ls –l an unrecognized file. You wonder what it contains. Your first step should be to use which command? .b. cat
23. If the slocate command fails to function as expected, it is likely because .b. the index of file and directory names has not been created using updateb.
24. In Red Hat Linux, documentation files dedicated to each installed software package are stored .a. in the /usr/share/doc directory.
25. The Red Hat Enterprise Linux product line includes several versions such as .b. WS, ES, and Fedora.
Chapter 1 Review Questions
1. An operating system does not provide .d. word-processing features for users.
2. Four possible Linux career paths are software development, business consultant, network administrator, and teaching or training.
3. Linus Torvalda began to create Linux because .b. he wanted a powerful operating system but could not afford one.
4. The Free software Foundation is dedicated to the idea that .b. the real value of software is in customization, not in selling mass-produced copies.
5. The GNU Project is important to Linux because .a. it provides the majority of the system utilities used by Linux.
6. The GPL includes all of the following facets except: .c. software that runs on a GPL operating system must be given away.
7. In general usage, the name “open source software” refers to .c. software that has source code included and follows a set of general principles espoused by the OpenSource consortium. (I am not real sure this is the correct answer)
8. In the Linux kernel version 2.6.10 the second digit, 6, indicates .b. a minor kernel release number for a stable kernel.
9. Version numbers for Linux distributions don’t track Linux kernel version numbers because .a. distributions include many components, so the vendor assigns a version number to the collection of software as a whole.
10. HOWTO documents discuss a variety of specific subjects. They are written for .c. anyone new to the subject being discussed.
11. The .a. / directory is the beginning of the Linux directory structure—the top of the inverted tree.
12. The pwd command is used to .c. display the current working directory on the screen.
13. The command Ls –l in invalid because .b. Linux commands are case sensitive.
14. Which task is not likely to be assigned to you as a system administrator? .a. Develop a new cash register system using C programming.
15. Linux file names can include .d. letters, digits, punctuation, and many special characters (but no spaces)
16. The rm command is used in Linux to .b. delete files from a hard disk. (use caution)
17. A trash can facility on a Linux graphical desktop differs from the rm command in that .a. files placed in the trash can are not deleted until the trash can is empties, but files deleted by rm are deleted immediately.
18. Each answer contains several paths separated by semicolons. Which answer contains only absolute paths? .c. /var/named; /etc/samba; /home/abutler.
19. Within the Nautilus file manager, you can view the properties of a selected file or directory by .d. right-clicking the file or directory and selecting the Properties item for the context menu.
20. Within the Nautilux file manager, pressing Shift+Ctrl+N is analogous to which command? .a. mkdir
21. Which of the following commands is most likely to produce the following output on the screen? /home/abutler. .c. pwd
22. You see in the output of ls –l an unrecognized file. You wonder what it contains. Your first step should be to use which command? .b. cat
23. If the slocate command fails to function as expected, it is likely because .b. the index of file and directory names has not been created using updateb.
24. In Red Hat Linux, documentation files dedicated to each installed software package are stored .a. in the /usr/share/doc directory.
25. The Red Hat Enterprise Linux product line includes several versions such as .b. WS, ES, and Fedora.
Monday, January 26, 2009
CIT 174
Spring 2009 I am starting a new class at TMCC
CIT 174 Linux System Administrator
I am looking forward to learning more about Linux!
CIT 174 Linux System Administrator
I am looking forward to learning more about Linux!
Sunday, January 18, 2009
Happy New Year to All
I have been hired as a student assistant for
the computer technology department at TMCC!!
I am so excited!
I hope I can help people with their computer questions!
And maybe help someone learn one or two things
about computers!!
the computer technology department at TMCC!!
I am so excited!
I hope I can help people with their computer questions!
And maybe help someone learn one or two things
about computers!!
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